National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 280‑1:2022. It supersedes BS EN 280:2013+A1:2015, which is withdrawn.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/12/1, Lifting Platforms - Mobile elevating work platforms.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its committee manager.

This publication has been prepared under a mandate given to the European Standards Organizations by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. It is intended to support requirements of the EU legislation detailed in the European Foreword. A European Annex, usually Annex ZA or ZZ, describes how this publication relates to that EU legislation.

For the Great Britain market (England, Scotland and Wales), if UK Government has designated this publication for conformity with UKCA marking (or similar) legislation, it may contain an additional National Annex. Where such a National Annex exists, it shows the correlation between this publication and the relevant UK legislation. If there is no National Annex of this kind, the relevant Annex ZA or ZZ in the body of the European text will indicate the relationship to UK regulation applicable in Great Britain. References to EU legislation may need to be read in accordance with the UK designation and the applicable UK law. Further information on designated standards can be found at

www.bsigroup.com/standardsandregulation.

For the Northern Ireland market, UK law will continue to implement relevant EU law subject to periodic confirmation. Therefore Annex ZA/ZZ in the European text, and references to EU legislation, are still valid for this market.

UK Government is responsible for legislation. For information on legislation and policies relating to that legislation, consult the relevant pages of www.gov.uk.

Contractual and legal considerations

This publication has been prepared in good faith, however no representation, warranty, assurance or undertaking (express or implied) is or will be made, and no responsibility or liability is or will be accepted by BSI in relation to the adequacy, accuracy, completeness or reasonableness of this publication. All and any such responsibility and liability is expressly disclaimed to the full extent permitted by the law.

This publication is provided as is, and is to be used at the recipient’s own risk.

The recipient is advised to consider seeking professional guidance with respect to its use of this publication.

This publication is not intended to constitute a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2022.

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 December 2021.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

European foreword

This document (EN 280‑1:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 98 “Lifting platforms”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2022, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2022.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN 280:2013+A1:2015.

EN 280‑1:2022 includes the following major changes with respect to EN 280:2013+A1:2015:

3.12: definition of “travelling” has been specified;
3.29: new definition of “lowered travel position”;
3.30: new definition of “Safety function”;
3.31: new definition “Elevated travel position”;
4.4.1.2: requirements for the load sensing system were amended and specified;
4.6.1: requirements for manual adjustment of the work platform exceeding 5° was amended;
4.6.9: protection of hands was totally reworded with regard to different requirements for the different types of MEWPs;
4.7.2: the restriction was added: “when the work platform is out of the lowered travel position and/or transport position;
5.1.4.2.2.2: depression tests for MEWPs of type 2 and 3 was restructured and amended;
Annex F (informative): the calculation example for the dynamic factor “z” for kerb obstacle collisions was totally revised;
Annex ZA: Adoption of the annex to new CEN‑Guide 414:2017.

Various editorial changes were made for better reading and understanding of the document.

This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.

Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

Introduction

This document is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.

The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events are covered are indicated in the scope of this document.

When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.

The object of this document is to define rules for safeguarding persons and objects against the risk of accidents associated with the operation of Mobile Elevating Work Platforms (MEWPs).

This document does not repeat all the general technical rules applicable to every electrical, mechanical or structural component.
The safety requirements of this document have been drawn up on the basis that MEWPs are periodically maintained according to manufacturers' instructions, working conditions, frequency of use and national regulations.

It is assumed that MEWPs are used only by qualified and trained operators.

It is also assumed that MEWPs are checked for function daily by the operator before start of work and are not put into operation unless all required control and safety devices/functions are available and in working order.

If a MEWP is seldom used, the checks may be made before start of work.

As far as possible this document sets out only the requirements that materials and equipment need to meet in the interest of safety, and it is assumed that persons operating MEWPs are adequately trained.
Where for clarity an example of a safety measure is given in the text, this does not need to be considered as the only possible solution. Any other solution leading to the same risk reduction is permissible if an equivalent level of safety is achieved.
As no satisfactory explanation could be found for the dynamic factors used for stability calculations in previous national standards, the results of the tests carried out by the former CEN/TC 98/WG 1 to determine a suitable factor and stability calculation method for MEWPs have been adopted. The test method is described in Annex C (informative) as a guide for manufacturers wishing to use higher or lower operating speeds and to take advantage of developments in control systems.

Similarly, to avoid the unexplained inconsistencies in coefficients of utilization for wire ropes found in other standards for lifting devices, appropriate extracts of the widely accepted standard DIN 15020‑1 have been taken into 4.5.2 and Annex D (normative) with a worked example in Annex E (informative).

This document may also be used as guidance for static elevating work platforms where the vertical projection of the centre of the area of the platform can be outside the tipping lines.

1 Scope

1.1

This document specifies safety requirements and measures for all types and sizes of Mobile Elevating Work Platform (MEWP, see 3.1) intended to move persons to working positions where they are carrying out work from the work platform (WP) with the intention that persons are getting on and off the work platform only at access positions at ground level or on the chassis.

NOTE Machines designed for the handling of goods which are equipped with work platforms as interchangeable equipment are regarded as MEWPs.

1.2

This document is applicable to the structural design calculations and stability criteria, construction, safety examinations and tests before MEWPs are first put into service. It identifies the hazards arising from the use of MEWPs and describes methods for the elimination or reduction of these hazards.

It does not cover the hazards arising from:

use in potentially explosive atmospheres;
work from the platform on external live electric systems;
use of compressed gases for load bearing components;
getting on and off the work platform at changing levels;
specific applications (e.g. railway, ships) covered by National or local regulations.

1.3

This document does not apply to:

machinery serving fixed landings (see e.g. EN 81‑20:2020 and EN 81‑50:2020, EN 12159:2012);
fire-fighting and fire rescue appliances (see e.g. EN 1777:2010);
unguided work cages suspended from lifting appliances (see e.g. EN 1808:2015);
elevating operator position on rail dependent storage and retrieval equipment (see EN 528:2021);
tail lifts (see EN 1756‑1:2021 and EN 1756‑2:2004+A1:2009);
mast climbing work platforms (see EN 1495:1997+A2:2009);
fairground equipment;
lifting tables (see EN 1570‑1:2011+A1:2014 and EN 1570‑2:2016);
aircraft ground support equipment (see e.g. EN 1915‑1:2013 and EN 1915‑2:2001+A1:2009);
elevating operator positions on industrial trucks (see EN ISO 3691‑3:2016).

1.4

Classification:

MEWPs are divided into two main groups:

Group A: MEWPs where the vertical projection of the centre of the area of the platform in all platform configurations at the maximum chassis inclination specified by the manufacturer is always inside the tipping lines.
Group B: All other MEWPs.

Relating to travelling, MEWPs are divided into three types:

Type 1: Travelling is only allowed with the MEWP in its transport position;
Type 2: Travelling with lifted work platform is controlled from a point of control at the chassis;
Type 3: Travelling with lifted work platform is controlled from a point of control at the work platform.

NOTE Type 2 and type 3 can be combined.

2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions

4 Safety requirements and/or measures

4.1 General

4.2 Structural and stability calculations

4.3 Chassis and stabilizers

4.4 Extending structure

4.5 Extending structure drive systems

4.6 Work platform

4.7 Controls

4.8 Electrical equipment

4.9 Hydraulic systems

4.10 Hydraulic cylinders

4.11 Safety devices and safety functions

4.12 Noise

5 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures

5.1 Examinations and tests

5.2 Type tests of MEWPs

5.3 Tests before placing on the market

6 Information for use

6.1 Instruction handbook

6.2 Marking

Bibliography

Mobile Elevating Work Platform Solution Pack