Topic

Connected automated vehicles

Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) will provide huge social, industrial and economic benefits to the UK. In particular, these innovative vehicles will expand our industrial base, improve safety and congestion, drive up productivity and free up space usually devoted to vehicles in our urban areas. Find out how standards are helping drive progress in CAVs technology.

Reshaping the road of the future

Discover how CAV standards are helping to transform the automotive industry

What are the impacts of connected and autonomous vehicle standards
Article

What are the impacts of connected and autonomous vehicle standards

Find out how connected and autonomous vehicle standards are helping drive progress in emerging automotive technology. Connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) technologies present significant and potentially transformational opportunities – for society and the individual. It promises safer roads and less congestion, as well as greener and more accessible transport. Indeed, the global CAV market is predicted to reach over £900 bn by 2035. The UK government established the Centre for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CCAV) in 2015 to shape the safe and secure emergence of CAV technology. BSI is working in partnership with CCAV and the UK CAV Eco-system, organizations involved in trialing CAV technologies, to accelerate the safe and secure deployment of CAVs, starting with trialing and developmental testing To discover more about the topic of CAV technologies, please click here. Prioritizing User and Consumer Safety  Understandably, one of the most important areas of CAV technology progression surrounds user and consumer safety. This is central to gradually building mainstream trust and comfort with the concept, as CAVs will operate with little or no human input. As a result, much of the recent guidance published to date relates in some way to developing safe systems. For example, PAS 1880 provides a set of initial guidelines focused on developing safe control systems for automated vehicles (AVs). Similarly, PAS 1881 is designed to assure the safety of related trialing and developmental testing activities alongside CCAV’s own Code of Practice. This specification determines minimum safety case requirements for AV trials and development testing in the UK to demonstrate such activities can be undertaken safely.  PAS 1883, meanwhile, provides a universal taxonomy for specifying the operational design domain (ODD), or intended operating conditions, of an automated driving system (ADS). The ODD comprises the static and dynamic attributes within which an ADS is designed to function safely. The PAS can help organizations deploying CAV technologies to specify the operating environment of the vehicle in a clear language, prevent confusion, and communicate a shared view of the capabilities of the vehicle (and its limitations). Automotive Cybersecurity Standards for CAV Technology  A further, vitally important, consideration for those in the CAV development ecosystem is cybersecurity. Vehicles are already increasingly connected to infrastructure and the IoT. This trend is set to continue and is particularly important for CAVs. As technology progresses, vehicles will get smarter and their connectivity and integration with outside systems will deepen. As a result, cybersecurity standards are a serious focus for all those involved with CAVs.  PAS 1885 outlines key automotive cybersecurity principles, helping users reduce threat and harm to products, services, and systems within increasingly connected and collaborative intelligent transport ecosystems (vehicles, infrastructure, and human aspects). The PAS has been designed to apply to the security and functional safety aspects of the development and use lifecycle, which is important to tackle constantly evolving cybersecurity risks. Further to this, PAS 11281 aims to help organizations in the CAV ecosystem ensure that their products, services, or activities don’t pose unacceptable safety risks, while a new international standard due to publish in 2021, BS ISO 21434 Automotive cybersecurity engineering, will help the automotive industry adopt the new UNECE Cyber Security Regulations for Vehicles. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems  With a rise in the testing and trialing of fully automated or ‘driverless’ vehicles, production vehicles and cars on our roads now are also becoming more intelligent and ‘automated’ with new driver assistance, safety, and convenience features sometimes called ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems). The following connected and autonomous vehicle standards provide performance requirements and test procedures for such systems to help ensure they are safe for deployment on production vehicles. Lane-keeping assistance systems (BS ISO 11270) Curve speed warning systems (BS ISO 11067) Adaptive cruise control systems (BS ISO 15622) Forward collision warning systems (BS ISO 15623) Road boundary departure prevention systems (BS ISO 19638:2018) It is expected that the automotive industry will see a move from ‘assisted’ driving systems to ‘automated’ driving over the coming years. With a BSI Knowledge subscription, you will have the flexibility and visibility to manage the key standards you need in order to work with confidence and optimize the safety and quality of your CAV technologies. Build your own custom collection of standards, or opt for access to our GBM27 Road Vehicle Engineering module and keep up-to-date with any relevant changes to your standards strategy. Request to learn more. Add all these key connected and autonomous vehicle standards to your collection today.Read more
Driving safety forward: Supporting the safety of the intended functionality of vehicles with BS ISO 21448
Article

Driving safety forward: Supporting the safety of the intended functionality of vehicles with BS ISO 21448

The rapid advancement of automated driving technology is putting pressure on the industry to rethink automotive safety standards. This is because, despite there being increasing levels of consumer confidence in connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technology, this trust only tends to be present when manufacturers can demonstrate that additional safety measures have been implemented. As a result, a lack of accepted safety practices has been identified as a significant impediment to progress in the widespread adoption of this technology. To help increase standardization within the industry, automotive manufacturers and regulators have called for the development of more comprehensive standards to guarantee safety requirement completeness for connected and automated vehicles – see the BSI CAV Program. In response to this request, a significant automotive safety standard has been developed, BS ISO 21448 Road vehicles — Safety of the intended functionality, which will go some way to addressing the concerns from vehicle owners about the safety of their vehicle both in static and dynamic modes of operation. Why does the industry need automotive safety standard BS ISO 21448? So far, the BS EN ISO 26262 series on vehicle functional safety have been the primary standards in automotive development. The requirements in BS EN ISO 26262 define how to address safety risks due to malfunctioning behavior of a vehicle’s electrics/electronics (E/E) system, with the underlying assumption that the nominal performance of the E/E system is acceptably safe. With the introduction of new connected and automated vehicle technologies, it was recognized that the intended functionality and its implementation - as systems that rely on sensing the external or internal vehicle environment to build situational awareness - can cause hazardous behavior. This is despite these systems being free from the faults addressed in the BS EN ISO 26262 series. As a result, there was an obvious gap in best practices that needed to be filled. BS ISO 21448 represents a new set of industry best practices, developed from ISO/PAS 21448, and is devised to cover safety hazards that do not result from any system failures. In essence, BS ISO 21448 applies to systems operating in an open context, requiring engineers and designers to adopt a safety assurance approach that reduces the uncertainty associated with these types of systems.  It is the use of this new standard in combination with the BS EN ISO 26262 series that helps automated vehicle manufacturers, as well as other organizations who are developing the technology for automated driving, to achieve the absence of unreasonable risk. To learn more about the automotive safety standards that are available, read our article: ‘Safety first: How safety standards minimize risk in the automotive sector’ What is the safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF)? There has been a growing need to demonstrate the safety of an automated vehicle within a real-world setting, with given scenarios to which the vehicle needs to be able to adapt. As a result, it is now becoming a key aspect of vehicle compliance for manufacturers to be able to ensure the safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) of their automated vehicles. This involves testing the vehicle to show that there is an absence of unreasonable risk due to hazards resulting from functional insufficiencies, or from reasonably foreseeable misuse by persons. BS ISO 21448 provides guidance on the applicable design, verification, and validation measures needed to achieve the safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF). Rather than focusing on failures, this new standard covers hazardous behavior in the absence of faults: any unintended consequences that result from the technological shortcomings of the system by design. Some examples of the guidance areas that BS ISO 21448 covers include: Design phase example: requirement for analysis of performance insufficiency to ensure  appropriate sensor performance for the intended operating environment Verification phase example: requirement for identification of appropriate test cases, verifying the acceptance of identified functional insufficiencies with their respective triggering conditions Validation phase example: requirement for appropriate coverage of the intended operating environment to discover unknown triggering conditions for remaining functional insufficiencies To read more about how standards are supporting the development of CAV technology, visit our Connected Automated Vehicles Topic Page. Benefits of BS EN ISO 21448 for automotive manufacturers There are many benefits for manufacturers in adopting BS ISO 21448. These include: Improve the safety of your automotive products Build trust with your customers Ensure compliance with regulations - BS ISO 21448 is potentially being cited in UNECE WP29 vehicle type approval regulations. This would make it a requirement for the industry to comply with the standard as it is part of vehicle type approval of which the regulator in the UK is the Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA).  Reduce the risk of recalls over performance concerns Get access to BS ISO 21448 and over 100,000 other standard documents with a BSI Knowledge subscription. You will have the flexibility and visibility to manage the essential standards you need in order to work with confidence and optimize the safety of your automotive products. Build your own custom collection of standards, or opt for access to our GBM27 Road Vehicle Engineering module and keep up-to-date with any relevant changes to your standards strategy. Request to learn more. Ensure you are working to the latest safety of the intended functionality best practices when it comes to the development of your connected and automated vehicles. Add BS EN ISO 21448 to your collection today.

Trending CAV Topics

Key Connected and Automated Vehicle Standards

Browse or Search our Automotive Standards Catalogue