National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13445‑3:2009+A1:2012. It supersedes BS EN 13445‑3:2009 which is withdrawn.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PVE/1, Pressure Vessels.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2009.

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 June 2009.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

Foreword

This document (EN 13445‑3:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 "Unfired pressure vessels", the secretariat of which is held by BSI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.

This European Standard consists of the following Parts:

Part 1: General.
Part 2: Materials.
Part 3: Design.
Part 4: Fabrication.
Part 5: Inspection and testing.
Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron.
CR 13445‑7, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 7: Guidance on the use of conformity assessment procedures.
Part 8: Additional requirements for pressure vessels of aluminium and aluminium alloys.
CEN/TR 13445‑9, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 9: Conformance of EN 13445 series to ISO 16528

This document supersedes EN 13445‑3:2002. This new edition incorporates the Amendments which have been approved previously by CEN members, and the corrected pages up to Issue 36 without any further technical charge. Annex Y to EN 13445‑1:2009 and Annex Y to this Part provides details of significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition.

Amendments to this new edition may be issued from time to time and then used immediately as alternatives to rules contained herein. It is intended to deliver a new Issue of EN 13445:2009 each year, consolidating these Amendments and including other identified corrections. Issue 5 (2013-07) includes the corrected pages listed in Annex Y.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

1 Scope

This Part of this European Standard specifies requirements for the design of unfired pressure vessels covered by EN 13445‑1:2009 and constructed of steels in accordance with EN 13445‑2:2009.

EN 13445‑5:2009, Annex C specifies requirements for the design of access and inspection openings, closing mechanisms and special locking elements.

NOTE This Part applies to design of vessels before putting into service. It may be used for in service calculation or analysis subject to appropriate adjustment.

2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions

4 Symbols and abbreviations

5 Basic design criteria

5.1 General

5.2 Corrosion, erosion and protection

5.3 Load cases

5.4 Design methods

5.5 Thickness calculations (DBF)

5.6 Joint coefficient

5.7 Design requirements of welded joints

6 Maximum allowed values of the nominal design stress for pressure parts

6.1 General

6.2 Steels (except castings), other than austenitic steels covered by 6.4 and 6.5, with a minimum rupture elongation, as given in the relevant technical specification for the material, below 30 %

6.3 Alternative route for steels (except castings), other than austenitic steels covered by 6.4 and 6.5, with a minimum rupture elongation, as given in the relevant technical specification for the material, below 30 %

6.4 Austenitic steels (except castings) with a minimum elongation after rupture, as given in the relevant technical specification for the material, from 30 % to 35 %.

6.5 Austenitic steels (except castings) with a minimum rupture elongation, as given in the relevant technical specification for the material, from 35 %.

6.6 Cast steels

7 Shells under internal pressure

7.1 Purpose

7.2 Specific definitions

7.3 Specific symbols and abbreviations

7.4 Cylindrical and spherical shells

7.5 Dished ends

7.6 Cones and conical ends

7.7 Nozzles which encroach into the knuckle region

8 Shells under external pressure

8.1 Purpose

8.2 Specific definitions

8.3 Specific symbols and definitions

8.4 General

8.5 Cylindrical shells

8.6 Conical shell

8.7 Spherical shells

8.8 Vessel ends

9 Openings in shells

9.1 Purpose

9.2 Specific definitions

9.3 Specific symbols and abbreviations

9.4 General

9.5 Isolated openings

9.6 Multiple openings

9.7 Openings close to a shell discontinuity

10 Flat ends

10.1 Purpose

10.2 Specific definitions

10.3 Specific symbols and abbreviations

10.4 Unpierced circular flat ends welded to cylindrical shells

10.5 Unpierced bolted circular flat ends

10.6 Pierced circular flat ends

10.7 Flat ends of non-circular or annular shape

11 Flanges

11.1 Purpose

11.2 Specific definitions

11.3 Specific symbols and abbreviations

11.4 General

11.5 Narrow face gasketed flanges

11.6 Full face flanges with soft ring type gaskets

11.7 Seal welded flanges

11.8 Reverse narrow face flanges

11.9 Reverse full face flanges

11.10 Full face flanges with metal to metal contact

12 Bolted domed ends

12.1 Purpose

12.2 Specific definitions

12.3 Specific symbols and abbreviations

12.4 General

12.5 Bolted domed ends with narrow face gaskets

12.6 Bolted domed ends with full face joints

13 Heat Exchanger Tubesheets

13.1 Purpose

13.2 Specific definitions

13.3 Specific symbols and abbreviations

13.4 U-tube tubesheet heat exchangers

13.4.1 Scope

This clause provides rules for the design of U-tube heat exchangers that have one tubesheet attached to the shell and channel and connected to a U-tube bundle, as shown in Figure 13.4.1-1.

The tubesheet may have one of the six configurations shown in Figure 13.4.1-2:

—	configuration a:	tubesheet integral with shell and channel;
—	configuration b:	tubesheet integral with shell and gasketed with channel, extended as a flange;
—	configuration c:	tubesheet integral with shell and gasketed with channel, not extended as a flange;
—	configuration d:	tubesheet gasketed with shell and channel, extended as a flange or not;
—	configuration e:	tubesheet gasketed with shell and integral with channel, extended as a flange;
—	configuration f:	tubesheet gasketed with shell and integral with channel, not extended as a flange.

Configuration d covers the cases where the tubesheet is (see Figure 13.4.1-3):

not extended as a flange (configuration d₁);
extended as a flange (configuration d₂).

13.4.2 to 13.4.6 apply to configuration a (where the tubesheet is integral) and to configurations b, c, d, e, f where the gasketed tubesheet has a narrow gasket.
Subclause 13.4.7 outlines how to use these rules for configurations b′, d′, e′ where the gasketed tubesheet has a full face gasket.

13.5 Fixed tubesheet heat exchangers

13.5.1 Scope

This subclause provides rules for the design of fixed tubesheet heat exchangers that have two tubesheets attached to the shell and channel and connected to a bundle of straight tubes, as shown in Figure 13.5.1-1.
The shell may be fitted with an expansion bellows.
Figure 13.5.1-1 — Typical fixed tubesheet heat exchanger
(1) Configurations a, b, c, or d (see Figure 13.5.1-2)

The tubesheets may have one of the four configurations shown in Figure 13.5.1-2:

—	configuration a:	tubesheet integral with shell and channel.
—	configuration b:	tubesheet integral with shell and gasketed with channel, extended as a flange.
—	configuration c:	tubesheet integral with shell and gasketed with channel, not extended as a flange.
—	configuration d:	tubesheet gasketed with shell and channel, not extended as a flange.

13.5.2 to 13.5.9 apply to configuration a (where the tubesheet is integral) and to configurations b, c and d where the gasketed tubesheet has a narrow gasket.
13.5.10 outlines how to use these rules for configuration b′ and d′ where the gasketed tubesheet has a full face gasket.
13.5.9 enables to cover shell having a different thickness, or a different material, adjacent to the tubesheet when integral with the tubesheet (configurations a, b, c).

13.6 Floating tubesheet heat exchangers

13.6.1 Scope

This clause provides rules for the design of floating tubesheet heat exchangers that have two tubesheets connected by a bundle of straight tubes, as shown in Figure 13.6.1-1:
- one stationary tubesheet attached to the shell and channel;
- one floating tubesheet.

Three types of heat exchangers are considered (see Figure 13.6.1-1):

immersed floating head;
externally sealed floating head,
internally sealed floating tubesheet.

Immersed and externally floating types are covered in 13.6.1b to 13.6.9. Internally sealed type is covered in 13.6.10.

The stationary tubesheet may have one of the six configurations shown in Figure 13.6.1-2:

—	configuration a:	tubesheet integral with shell and channel.
—	configuration b:	tubesheet integral with shell and gasketed with channel, extended as a flange.
—	configuration c:	tubesheet integral with shell and gasketed with channel, not extended as a flange.
—	configuration d:	tubesheet gasketed with shell and channel, not extended as a flange.
—	configuration e:	tubesheet gasketed with shell and integral with channel, extended as a flange.
—	configuration f:	tubesheet gasketed with shell and integral with channel, not extended as a flange.

The floating tubesheet may have one of the 3 configurations shown in Figure 13.6.1-3:

13.6.2 to 13.6.8 apply to configuration a (where the stationary tubesheet is integral) and to configurations b, c, d, e, f, where the gasketed tubesheet has a narrow gasket.
13.6.9 outlines how to use these rules for configurations b′, d′, e′ where the gasketed tubesheet has a full face gasket.

13.7 Tubesheet characteristics

13.8 Maximum permissible tube to tubesheet joint stress

13.9 Maximum permissible longitudinal compressive stress for tubes

13.10 Design of tubesheet flange extension with a narrow face gasket

13.11 Design of tubesheet flange extension with a full face gasket

13.12 Special tube-to-tubesheet welded joints

14 Expansion bellows

14.1 Purpose

14.2 Specific definitions

14.3 Specific symbols and abbreviations

14.4 Conditions of applicability

14.5 U-shaped unreinforced bellows

14.6 U-shaped reinforced bellows

14.7 Toroidal bellows

14.8 Fabrication

14.9 Inspection and testing

14.10 Bellows subjected to axial, lateral or angular displacements

15 Pressure vessels of rectangular section

15.1 Purpose

15.2 Specific definitions

15.3 Specific symbols and abbreviations

15.4 General

15.5 Unreinforced vessels

15.6 Reinforced vessels

15.7 Openings

16 Additional non-pressure loads

16.1 Purpose

16.2 Specific definitions

16.3 Specific symbols and abbreviations

16.4 Local loads on nozzles in spherical shells

16.5 Local loads on nozzles in cylindrical shells

16.6 Line loads

16.7 Lifting lugs

16.8 Horizontal vessels on saddle supports

16.9 Horizontal vessels on ring supports

16.10 Vertical vessels on bracket supports

16.11 Vertical vessels with supporting legs

16.12 Vertical vessels with skirts

16.13 Vertical vessels with ring supports

16.14 Global loads

17 Simplified assessment of fatigue life

17.1 Purpose

17.2 Specific definitions

17.3 Specific symbols and abbreviations

17.4 Conditions of applicability

17.5 General

17.6 Determination of allowable number of pressure cycles

17.7 Assessment rule

17.8 Design and manufacture

17.9 Testing

18 Detailed assessment of fatigue life

18.1 Purpose

18.2 Specific definitions

18.3 Specific symbols and abbreviations

18.4 Limitations

18.5 General

18.6 Welded material

18.7 Unwelded components and bolts

18.8 Elastic-plastic conditions

18.9 Fatigue action

18.10 Fatigue strength of welded components

18.11 Fatigue strength of unwelded components

18.12 Fatigue strength of steel bolts

19 Creep design

19.1 Purpose

19.2 Specific definitions

19.3 Specific symbols and abbreviations

19.4 Design in the creep range

19.5 Nominal Design stress in the creep range

19.6 Weld joint factor in the creep range

19.7 Pressure loading of predominantly non-cyclic nature in the creep range

19.8 Design procedures for DBF

20 Design rules for reinforced flat walls

20.1 General

20.2 Stayed flat walls

20.3 Specific definitions for stayed flat walls

20.4 Required thickness of stayed flat walls

20.5 Required dimensions and layout of staybolts and stays

20.6 Requirements for threaded staybolts

20.7 Requirements for welded-in staybolts and welded stays

20.8 Tables for stayed flat walls

20.9 Figures for Stayed Flat Walls

21 Circular flat ends with radial reinforcement ribs

21.1 Purpose

21.2 Specific definitions

21.3 Specific symbols and abbreviations

21.4 Ends without additional peripheral bending moment

21.5 Ends with additional peripheral bending moment

21.6 Openings

21.7 Welds

21.8 Central Ring

BS EN 13445-3:2009+A1:2012

Unfired pressure vessels - Design

Published:

30 Sep 2009

Withdrawn:

30 Sep 2014