National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15400:2011. It supersedes DD CEN/TS 15400:2006 which is withdrawn.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2011.

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 January 2011.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Foreword

This document (EN 15400:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid recovered fuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2011.

This document supersedes CEN/TS 15400:2006.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association.

This document differs from CEN/TS 15400:2006 mainly as follows:

specification respectively recommendation regarding repeatability and reproducibility limits deleted;
results of interlaboratory tests informatively added in Annex I;
whole document editorially revised.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Introduction

WARNING — Strict adherence to all of the provisions specified in this document should ensure against explosive rupture of the bomb, or a blow-out, provided that the bomb is of proper design and construction and in good mechanical condition.

This European Standard is based on ISO 1928 and EN 14918 and modified to solid recovered fuels with some additions and alterations specific to solid recovered fuels properties.

The result obtained is the gross calorific value of the sample analysed at constant volume with all the water of the combustion products as liquid water. In practice, solid recovered fuels are burned at a constant (atmospheric) pressure and the water is either not condensed (removed as vapour with the flue gases) or condensed. Under both conditions, the operative heat of combustion to be used is the net calorific value of the fuel at constant pressure. The net calorific value at constant volume can also be used; equations are given for calculating both values.

General principles and procedures for the calibrations and the solid recovered fuels experiments are presented in the normative text, whereas those pertaining to the use of a particular type of calorimetric instrument are specified in Annexes A to C. Annex D contains checklists for performing calibration and fuel experiments using specified types of calorimeters. Annex E gives examples to illustrate some of the calculations.

1 Scope

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of gross calorific value of solid recovered fuels at constant volume and at the reference temperature 25 °C in a bomb calorimeter calibrated by combustion of certified benzoic acid.

2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions

4 Principle

4.1 Gross calorific value

4.2 Net calorific value

5 Reagents

5.1

5.2 Fuse

5.3

5.4

5.5

6 Apparatus

6.1 General

6.2 Calorimeter with thermostat

6.3

6.4 Ancillary pressure equipment

6.5

6.6 Balances

6.7

6.8

7 Preparation of test sample

8 Calorimetric procedure

8.1 General

8.2 Preparing the bomb for measurement

8.3 Assembling the calorimeter

8.4 Combustion reaction and temperature measurements

8.5 Analysis of products of combustion

8.6 Corrected temperature rise θ

8.7 Reference temperature

9 Calibration

9.1 Principle

9.2 Calibration reference

9.3 Valid working range of the effective heat capacity ε

9.4 Ancillary contributions

9.5 Calibration procedure

9.6 Calculation of effective heat capacity for the individual experiment

9.7 Precision of the mean value of the effective heat capacity ε

9.8 Repetition of the determination of effective heat capacity

10 Gross calorific value

10.1 General

10.2 Combustion

10.3 Calculation of gross calorific value

10.4 Expression of results

10.5 Calculation to other bases

11 Precision

11.1 Repeatability limit

11.2 Reproducibility limit

12 Calculation of net calorific value at constant pressure

12.1 General

12.2 Calculations

13 Test report

Bibliography

BS EN 15400:2011

Solid recovered fuels. Determination of calorific value

Published:

31 Mar 2011

Withdrawn:

19 Jul 2021