National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18400‑102:2017. It supersedes BS ISO 10381‑2:2002 which is withdrawn. Together with BS ISO 18400‑104, BS ISO 18400‑105:2017 and BS ISO 18400‑206 it supersedes BS ISO 10381‑6:2009 which will be withdrawn upon publication of all remaining parts of the BS ISO 18400 series

BS ISO 18400‑102:2017 is intended to be used in conjunction with BS 10175:2011+A1:2013 and other members of the BS ISO series of standards as appropriate. Where there are differences in the guidance given in this standard and that in BS 10175:2011+A1:2013, the guidance in this standard takes precedence. The UK committee notes that this standard covers a wide variety of situations in which investigations including sampling to determine soil quality might be carried out rather than being focused on potentially contaminated sites, as is the case in BS 10175:2011+A1:2013.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/4, Soil quality.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2017.

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 2, Sampling.

This first edition of ISO 18400‑102, together with ISO 18400‑104, ISO 18400‑105 and ISO 18400‑206, cancels and replaces ISO 10381‑2:2002 and ISO 10381‑6:2009, which have been technically and structurally revised. The new ISO 18400 series is based on a modular structure and cannot be compared to ISO 10381‑2 and ISO 10381‑6 clause by clause.

A list of all parts in the ISO 18400 series can be found on the ISO website.

Introduction

This document is one of a group of International Standards intended to be used in conjunction with each other where necessary. It deals with various aspects of sampling for the purposes of soil investigation including agricultural, forestry, and contamination investigations, but is not applicable to investigations for geotechnical purposes. These are dealt with in the ISO 22475 series.

ISO 22475‑1 specifies the technical principles for the execution of sampling and groundwater measurements for geotechnical purposes. It describes and provides guidance on the application of many of the sampling techniques included in this document albeit in a different context. Many contractors engaged to carry out work in connection with environmental studies will be familiar with its often prescriptive requirements. It includes detailed design information for some equipment. It is to be noted that the nomenclature used in this document may differ in places from that used in ISO 22475‑1 because of the different contexts and traditions in the fields of geotechnical and geo-environmental investigation.

General principles to be applied in the design of sampling programmes for the purpose of characterization of soil and identification of sources and effects of contamination of soil and related material are given in ISO 18400‑1041. ISO 18400‑104¹⁾ provides information about where to sample, the tests to be conducted, the type of sample, the depth of sampling and the required representativeness of the sampling system for sampling in respect of specific purposes.

This document is part of a series on sampling standards for soil. The role/position of the International Standards within the total investigation programme is shown in Figure 1.

NOTE 1 The numbers in circles in Figure 1 define the key elements (1 to 7) of the investigation programme.

NOTE 2 Figure 1 displays a generic process which can be amended when necessary.

1 Scope

This document gives guidelines for techniques for taking samples so that these can subsequently be examined for the purpose of providing information on soil quality. It gives information on equipment that is typically applicable in particular sampling situations to enable correct sampling procedures to be carried out and representative samples to be collected. Guidance is given on the selection of the equipment and the techniques to use to enable both disturbed and undisturbed samples to be correctly taken at different depths.

This document does not cover:

investigations for geotechnical purposes, though where redevelopment of a site is envisaged, the soil quality investigation and the geotechnical investigation may sometimes be beneficially combined;
sampling of hard strata such as bedrock;
methods for the collection of information on soil quality without taking samples such as geophysical methods;
collection of water samples (these are to be collected in accordance with appropriate International Standards on ground or surface water sampling; for further information, see the ISO 5667 series);
investigations of soil gas about which guidance is provided in ISO 18400‑204;
investigation of radioactively contaminated sites.

NOTE 1 “Sampling technique” is defined in ISO 11074.

NOTE 2 Guidance on the investigation and assessment of radioactivity in soils is provided in the ISO 18589 series.

2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions

4 Principle

5 General aspects

5.1 Health and safety

5.2 Preliminary information

5.3 Sample types

5.4 Sample size

5.5 Available techniques

6 Selection of sampling techniques

6.1 General

6.2 Drilling rigs and ancillary equipment

7 General aspects of application

7.1 General aspects of field work

7.2 Environmental considerations

7.3 Cross-contamination

7.4 Preparing to sample

7.5 Breaking out

7.6 Collection of samples

7.7 Transport, storage, and preservation of samples

7.8 Backfilling of exploratory holes

7.9 Disposal of waste materials

7.10 Personnel

8 Taking samples of top-soil and other near surface materials

8.1 Undisturbed samples

8.2 Disturbed samples

9 Sampling at greater depths

9.1 Undisturbed samples

9.2 Disturbed samples

10 Sampling stockpiles

10.1 General

10.2 Sampling equipment

Bibliography

BS ISO 18400-102:2017

Soil quality. Sampling - Selection and application of sampling techniques

Current

Published:

30 Apr 2017