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– terminology of optoelectronic efficiencies of single LED chip or package without phosphor,
such as the power efficiency (PE), the external quantum efficiency (EQE), the voltage efficiency (VE), the light extraction efficiency (LEE), the internal quantum efficiency (IQE), the injection efficiency (IE), and the radiative efficiency (RE) [1]1;
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– test methods of optoelectronic efficiencies of the PE, the EQE, the VE, the LEE, and
the IQE [1];
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– review of various IQE measurement methods reported so far in view of accuracy and
practical applicability;
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– the measuring method of the LEDIQE based on the temperature-dependent electroluminescence
(TDEL) [2];
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– the measuring method of the LEDIQE based on the room-temperature reference-point method
(RTRM) [3];
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– the measuring method of the radiative and nonradiative currents of an LED [4];
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– the relationship between the IQE and the VE, which leads to introduction of a new
LED efficiency, the active efficiency (AE) as AE = VE × IQE.