— variable capacitance diodes and snap-off diodes (for tuning, up-converter or harmonic multiplication, switching, limiting, phased shift, parametric amplification);

— mixer diodes and detector diodes;

— avalanche diodes (for direct harmonic generation, amplification);

— gunn diodes (for direct harmonic generation);

— bipolar transistors (for amplification, oscillation);

— field-effect transistors (for amplification, oscillation).