National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 22341:2021.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GW/3, Private Security Management & Services.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its committee manager.

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2021.

Foreword

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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 292, Security and resilience.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

Introduction

This document is intended to promote a common understanding of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) in the field of security, law enforcement and related risks, and their preventive measures, through environmental design and management.

CPTED concepts have been used since the 1970s and CPTED-style security measures can be traced to early human settlements. The term CPTED was first introduced in 1971 by C. Ray Jeffery, see Reference [5]. CPTED concepts originated from criminology and crime opportunity theories and studies. Since then, it has been included as part of many other crime prevention strategies that are utilized today. These include, but are not limited to, defensible space, broken windows theory, routine activity theory, rational choice, situational crime prevention and crime free housing.

CPTED has an increasingly sound theoretical foundation based on firm evidence of significant crime and fear reduction gained from a series of formal and rigorous evaluations in the field of environmental psychology, criminology and crime science. When well-planned and wisely implemented, CPTED improves community safety and industrial security in a cost-effective manner.

Figure 1 illustrates the framework of CPTED for crime prevention and security.

This document starts with understanding the environmental context of crime and security risk factors, causes of vulnerabilities and risk levels. This is followed by the basics of CPTED through its historical background, four key considerations of CPTED (places generating crime, types and causes of the risk, CPTED interested parties and countermeasures) and CPTED strategies. Better understanding of the risk and CPTED considerations leads to a better selection of tailored countermeasures. The process of CPTED begins with the establishment of an oversight body, performance target settings and organizing a project team, risk assessment and risk treatment, evaluation of treatment, corrective actions and feedback to the initial stage of CPTED for continual improvement. It is followed by the fundamental principles for CPTED process, such as balanced conceptual approach, cost-effectiveness, sustainability and resilience, green environment (ecological) approach, adaptive application and an evidence-based approach.

The use of CPTED should be applied universally in an equal manner and should not be applied with any prejudice (whether cultural, racial, religious or any other bias).

1 Scope

This document provides guidelines to organizations for establishing the basic elements, strategies and processes for preventing and reducing crime and the fear of crime at a new or existing built environment. It recommends the establishment of countermeasures and actions to treat crime and security risks in an effective and efficient manner by leveraging environmental design.

Within this document, the term “security” is used in a broad manner to include all crime, safety and security-specific applications, so it is applicable to public and private organizations, regardless of type, size or nature.

While this document provides general examples of implementation strategies and best practices, it is not intended to provide an exhaustive listing of detailed design, architectural or physical security crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) implementation strategies or restrict the potential applications to only those examples provided in this document.

2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions

4 Understanding environmental context of crime and security risk

5 Basics of CPTED

5.1 Key considerations of CPTED

5.2 CPTED strategies

6 Process of CPTED implementation

6.1 General

6.2 Oversight body, performance target statement and project team

6.3 CPTED process

6.4 General principles for CPTED process

Bibliography

BS ISO 22341:2021

Security and resilience. Protective security. Guidelines for crime prevention through environmental design

Current

Published:

31 Jan 2021