Foreword

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Introduction

This document describes currently available pre-crash classifications that specify the conflict situation between road traffic actors that lead to a crash. The document describes classifications that are based on different real-world crash data types and collection origins. The focus is on the description of attributes and characteristics of different approaches and their applicability to data-driven traffic safety research. This document gives examples for research questions which can be addressed with a respective classification system and the intended use of these classification systems.

The types of the traffic accidents vary in different countries and regions because of different administration modes, infrastructures, road users, road conditions and vehicle safety levels. Different stakeholders focus on different aspects of traffic accidents. For example, traffic administrations focus on typical accident modes. Manufactures focus on technology applications under different working conditions. Testing facilities focus on technical details like velocity and impact angle. Suppliers focus on the practical performance of specific parts or systems. At the same time, different accident reasons provide foundations for administrations to formulate regulations and for manufactures to update relative functions and configurations.

Therefore, traffic-accident research can promote the development of vehicle-safety technology, traffic administration and infrastructure, vehicle testing and certification, standards and regulations. Classifications based on traffic accidents can support the systematic and comprehensive description of the accident situation, which is an important foundation for the subsequent safety technology research and development. Research on the formulation of different accident classification systems analyses their difference and contributes to the harmonization of classification levels, accident types, accident reasons and participants.

The country or region mentioned within brackets on the heading of each method compiled indicates that the information has been provided by experts from that country or region. It does not indicate that the method referred to has an official status in that country or region.

1 Scope

This document describes pre-crash classification systems that specify the conflict situations between road traffic actors that lead to real-world crashes.

Classification systems are useful tools in defining and understanding the role and actions of traffic actors and therefore, can be applied to the development of vehicle active safety technology, vehicle-safety assessment and traffic-safety research in general.

This document addresses pre-crash classification systems that are based on characteristics of conflict situations which can lead to a crash.

This document does not address test scenarios that describe the operation domain of assisted or automated driving systems.

2 Normative references

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms

3.1 Terms and definitions

3.2 Abbreviated terms

4 Pre-crash scenarios

4.1 Focus of the system

4.2 Data basis

4.3 Creation method

4.4 Levels of abstraction and data layers according to the 6-layer model

4.5 Intended use

5 Conflict situation system (Sweden)

5.1 Focus of the system

5.2 Data basis

5.3 Creation method

5.4 Levels of abstraction and data layers according to the 6-layer model

5.5 Intended use

6 Accident classification system for passenger cars (Japan)

6.1 Focus of the system

6.2 Data basis

6.3 Creation method

6.4 Levels of abstraction and data layers according to the 6-layer model

6.5 Intended use

7 Accident configurations and situations classification system (France)

7.1 Focus of the system

7.2 Data basis

7.3 Creation method

7.4 Levels of abstraction and data layers according to the 6-layer model

7.5 Intended use

8 Pre-crash scenario typology (United States of America)

8.1 Focus of the system

8.2 Data basis

8.3 Creation method

8.4 Levels of abstraction and data layers according to the 6-layer model

8.5 Intended use

9 Accident classification (Japan)

9.1 Focus of the system

9.2 Data basis

9.3 Creation method

9.4 Levels of abstraction and data layers according to the 6-layer model

9.5 Intended use

10 Accident-type classification (Germany)

10.1 Focus of the system

10.2 Data basis

10.3 Creation method

10.4 Levels of abstraction and data layers according to the 6-layer model

10.5 Intended use

11 Pre-crash classification system (China)

11.1 Focus of the system

11.2 Data basis

11.3 Creation method

11.4 Levels of abstraction and data layers according to the 6-layer model

11.5 Intended use

12 CATS classification system

12.1 Focus of the system

12.2 Data basis

12.3 Creation method

12.4 Levels of abstraction and data layers according to the 6-layer model

12.5 Intended use

13 Accident classification (Europe)

13.1 Focus of the system

13.2 Data basis

13.3 Creation method

13.4 Levels of abstraction and data layers according to the 6-layer model

13.5 Intended use

14 Legacy classification systems and related projects

15 Conclusion

Bibliography