1 Scope
This standard:
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1) defines the forces and moments to be taken into account with reference to masses and
braking conditions;
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2) gives the stress calculation method for axles with outside axle journals;
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3) specifies the maximum permissible stresses to be assumed in calculations for steel
grade EA1N defined in EN 13261;
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4) describes the method for determination of the maximum permissible stresses for other
steel grades;
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5) determines the diameters for the various sections of the axle and recommends the preferred
shapes and transitions to ensure adequate service performance.
This standard is applicable to:
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6) solid and hollow axles of railway rolling stock used for the transportation of passengers
and freight;
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7) axles defined in EN 13261;
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8) all gauges3.
This standard is applicable to axles fitted to rolling stock intended to run under
normal European conditions. Before using this standard, if there is any doubt as to
whether the railway operating conditions are normal, it is necessary to determine
whether an additional design factor has to be applied to the maximum permissible stresses.
The calculation of wheelsets for special applications (e.g. tamping/lining/levelling
machines) may be made according to this standard only for the load cases of free-running
and running in train formation. This standard does not apply to workload cases. They
are calculated separately.
For light rail and tramway applications, other standards or documents agreed between
the customer and supplier may be applied.
Non-powered axles of motor bogies and locomotives are analysed according to the requirements
of EN 13104.