National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 3104:2023. It is identical to ISO 3104:2023. It supersedes BS EN ISO 3104:2020, which is withdrawn.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/2, Liquid Fuels.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its committee manager.

Contractual and legal considerations

This publication has been prepared in good faith, however no representation, warranty, assurance or undertaking (express or implied) is or will be made, and no responsibility or liability is or will be accepted by BSI in relation to the adequacy, accuracy, completeness or reasonableness of this publication. All and any such responsibility and liability is expressly disclaimed to the full extent permitted by the law.

This publication is provided as is, and is to be used at the recipient’s own risk.

The recipient is advised to consider seeking professional guidance with respect to its use of this publication.

This publication is not intended to constitute a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2023.

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products, fuels and lubricants from natural or synthetic sources,in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 19, Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).

This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 3104:2020), which has been technically revised.

The main changes are as follows:

manual Procedure A has been designated as the referee test method in case of dispute;
the DCT requirements have been updated in Table 1;
allowable DCT drift in 7.3 has been aligned with Table 1;
extra instructions for quality control have been added referring to ISO 4259‑4;
complying thermometers have been updated in Table B2;
the calculation has been corrected in Annex D.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

Introduction

Many petroleum products and some non-petroleum materials are used as lubricants. The correct operation of equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate measurement of viscosity is essential to many product specifications.

This document describes two test methods: Procedure A (manual) and Procedure B (automated). Procedure A is the referee test method (or reference test method) to resolve doubts or dispute.

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 October 2023.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and United Kingdom.

European foreword

This document (EN ISO 3104:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28 "Petroleum and related products, fuels and lubricants from natural or synthetic sources" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin” the secretariat of which is held by NEN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2024, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2024.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN ISO 3104:2020.

Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice

The text of ISO 3104:2023 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 3104:2023 without any modification.

1 Scope

This document specifies Procedure A, using manual glass viscometers, and Procedure B, using glass capillary viscometers in an automated assembly, for the determination of the kinematic viscosity, ν, of both transparent and opaque products. The scope includes liquid petroleum products, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), paraffinic diesel, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), gas to liquid (GTL) and biofuel diesel mixtures up to 50 % FAME. The kinematic viscosity is determined by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, η, is obtained by multiplying the measured kinematic viscosity by the density, ρ, of the liquid. The range of kinematic viscosities covered in this test method is from 0,2 mm²/s to 300 000 mm²/s over the temperature range –20 °C to +150 °C.

NOTE The result obtained from this document is dependent upon the behaviour of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates are proportional (Newtonian flow behaviour). If, however, the viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different results can be obtained from viscometers of different capillary diameters. The procedure and precision values for residual fuel oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian behaviour, have been included.

2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions

4 Principle

5 Reagents and materials

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

6 Apparatus

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5 Manual apparatus

6.6 Automated apparatus

6.7

7 Verification

7.1 Viscometer

7.2 Liquid-in-glass thermometer

7.3 Digital contact thermometer

7.4 Timer

8 Re-calibration

9 Quality control

10 Sample preparation

10.1 Pre-analysis sample conditioning

10.2 Visual inspection and filtering

11 Procedure A — Manual equipment (referee test method)

11.1

11.2

11.3

11.4

12 Procedure B — Automated equipment

12.1

12.2

12.3

13 Cleaning of the viscometer tube

13.1

13.2

14 Calculation

14.1 Procedure A — Manual viscometers

14.2 Procedure B — Automated viscometers

15 Expression of results

16 Precision

16.1 Determinability, d

16.2 Repeatability, r

16.3 Reproducibility, R

16.4 Procedure A — Manual viscometers

16.5 Procedure B — Automated viscometers

17 Test report

Bibliography

BS EN ISO 3104:2023

Petroleum products. Transparent and opaque liquids. Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity

Current

Published:

30 Nov 2023