National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 23864:2021. It is identical to ISO 23864:2021. It supersedes BS ISO 23864:2021, which is withdrawn.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/46/3, Ultrasonic Testing.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its committee manager.

Contractual and legal considerations

This publication has been prepared in good faith, however no representation, warranty, assurance or undertaking (express or implied) is or will be made, and no responsibility or liability is or will be accepted by BSI in relation to the adequacy, accuracy, completeness or reasonableness of this publication. All and any such responsibility and liability is expressly disclaimed to the full extent permitted by the law.

This publication is provided as is, and is to be used at the recipient’s own risk.

The recipient is advised to consider seeking professional guidance with respect to its use of this publication.

This publication is not intended to constitute a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2022.

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by the IIW, International Institute of Welding, Commission V, NDT and Quality Assurance of Welded Products, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Welding and allied processes, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 December 2021.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

European foreword

The text of ISO 23864:2021 has been prepared by Technical Committee IIW "International Institute of Welding” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 23864:2021 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding and allied processes” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2022, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2022.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice

The text of ISO 23864:2021 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 23864:2021 without any modification.

1 Scope

This document specifies the application of the TFM technique and related technologies for semi- or fully automated ultrasonic testing of fusion- welded joints in metallic materials of minimum thickness 3,2 mm.

NOTE Unless stated otherwise, in this document ‘TFM” and ‘TFM technique” refer to the TFM technique as defined in ISO 23243, and to all related technologies, see for example ISO 23865 and ISO 23243.

This document is applicable to components with welds fabricated using metals which have isotropic (constant properties in all directions) and homogeneous conditions. This includes welds in low carbon alloy steels and common aerospace grade aluminium and titanium alloys, provided they are homogeneous and isotropic.

This document applies to full penetration welded joints of simple geometry in plates, pipes and vessels.

This document specifies four testing levels (A, B, C, D), each corresponding to a different probability of detection of imperfections. Guidance on the selection of testing levels is provided. Coarse-grained metals and austenitic welds can be tested when the provisions of this document have been taken into account.

This document gives provisions on the specific capabilities and limitations of the TFM technique for the detection, locating, sizing and characterization of discontinuities in fusion-welded joints. The TFM technique can be used as a stand-alone approach or in combination with other non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for manufacturing, in-service and post-repair tests.

This document includes assessment of indications for acceptance purposes based on either amplitude (equivalent reflector size) and length or height and length.

This document does not include acceptance levels for discontinuities.

The following two typical testing techniques for welded joints are referred to in this document:

side scanning, where the probe(s) is (are) positioned adjacent to the weld cap, typically using wedges. Side scanning can be performed from one side or both sides of the weld;
top scanning where the probe is positioned on top of weld cap with a flexible, conformable delay line or using immersion technique, or using contact technique after removing the weld cap.

Semi-automated testing encompasses a controlled movement of one or more probes along a fixture (guidance strip, ruler, etc.), whereby the probe position is measured with a position sensor. The scan is performed manually.

In addition, fully automated testing includes mechanized propulsion.

2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions

4 Testing levels

5 Information required before testing

5.1 Items to be defined before procedure development

5.2 Specific information required by the operator before testing

5.3 Written test procedure

6 Requirements for personnel and equipment

6.1 Personnel qualifications

6.2 Test equipment

7 Preparation for testing

7.1 Volume to be tested

7.2 Imaging typical weld discontinuities

7.3 Verification of test setup

7.4 Scan increment setting

7.5 Geometry considerations

7.6 Preparation of scanning surfaces

7.7 Temperature

7.8 Couplant

8 Testing of parent material

9 Range and sensitivity

9.1 General

9.2 Range and sensitivity settings

9.3 Checking of the settings

10 Reference blocks and test blocks

10.1 General

10.2 Material

10.3 Dimensions and shape

10.4 Reference reflectors

11 Equipment checks

12 Procedure verification

13 Weld testing

14 Data storage

15 Interpretation and analysis of TFM images

15.1 General

15.2 Assessing the quality of TFM images

15.3 Identification of relevant indications

15.4 Classification of relevant indications

15.5 Determination of location and length of an indication

15.6 Determination of amplitude or height of an indication

15.7 Evaluation against acceptance criteria

16 Test report

17 Austenitic welds

Bibliography

BS EN ISO 23864:2021

Non-destructive testing of welds. Ultrasonic testing. Use of automated total focusing technique (TFM) and related technologies

Current

Published:

30 Apr 2022