National foreword

This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TS 9651:2025.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee NTI/1, Nanotechnologies.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its committee manager.

Contractual and legal considerations

This publication has been prepared in good faith, however no representation, warranty, assurance or undertaking (express or implied) is or will be made, and no responsibility or liability is or will be accepted by BSI in relation to the adequacy, accuracy, completeness or reasonableness of this publication. All and any such responsibility and liability is expressly disclaimed to the full extent permitted by the law.

This publication is provided as is, and is to be used at the recipient’s own risk.

The recipient is advised to consider seeking professional guidance with respect to its use of this publication.

This publication is not intended to constitute a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.

Compliance with a Published Document cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2025.

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

Introduction

This document aims to provide commercial graphene producers and users with a standardized approach to classifying graphene-related 2D materials. It outlines a transparent methodology for categorizing these materials in any form, regardless of production methods or source materials. This approach facilitates accurate and straightforward comparisons between materials from different suppliers. Additionally, the document serves as a foundation for material specification data sheets, proposing a minimum set of relevant data that can be consistently used by producers, users, and regulators. Material characteristics deemed most critical for commercial applications—such as layer count, thickness, lateral flake size, disorder level, and specific surface area—can be identified using standard testing methods and documented in material data sheets.

The framework is primarily intended to support the creation and use of technical data sheets for specific forms of graphene-related 2D materials. It is not designed to prescribe production procedures or quality control testing processes, although some of the described test methods can serve as supporting techniques for those purposes.

Establishing a systematic classification framework for graphene-related 2D materials is essential for several key reasons. First, it ensures consistent and reliable regulation and registration processes, fostering transparency and trust in the market for both producers and users. Second, it enables a thorough understanding and quantification of material properties, forms, and contaminants. Finally, the adoption of universal standardized testing methods is critical for enabling easy, quantitative comparisons of data generated by different laboratories and users globally. This systematic approach will significantly advance the responsible development and use of graphene-related 2D materials.

It is also important to note that certain test methods are possibly not suitable for all forms of graphene-related 2D materials. When employing standardized testing methods, it is beneficial to provide multiple measurement techniques for evaluating different properties. However, these methods can yield varying results for the same sample due to differences in how each technique assesses specific aspects of the material.

NOTE This document is derived from Reference [25] use of which has been licensed to ISO by the Graphene Council (https://www.thegraphenecouncil.org).

1 Scope

This document specifies the characteristics and their respective measurement methods of graphene-related 2D materials in sheet and particle forms for commercial applications with the aim of classification of the materials. The classification framework consists of the following elements:

relevant material characteristics for commercial use;
identification of applicable measurement methods;
a range of the characteristic measured values when applicable;
syntax to guide consistent naming and descriptions;
an applicable technical data sheet template.

2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions

4 Sheet-form graphene-related 2D materials

4.1 General

4.2 Characteristics and measurement methods

5 Particle-form graphene-related 2D materials

5.1 General

5.2 Characteristics and measurement methods

6 Syntax for material description

7 Reporting

Bibliography

PD ISO/TS 9651:2025

Nanotechnologies. Classification framework for graphene‐related 2D materials

Current

Published:

31 Jul 2025