National foreword

This Published Document is the UK implementation of IEC TS 62607‑6‑35:2025.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee NTI/1, Nanotechnologies.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its committee manager.

Contractual and legal considerations

This publication has been prepared in good faith, however no representation, warranty, assurance or undertaking (express or implied) is or will be made, and no responsibility or liability is or will be accepted by BSI in relation to the adequacy, accuracy, completeness or reasonableness of this publication. All and any such responsibility and liability is expressly disclaimed to the full extent permitted by the law.

This publication is provided as is, and is to be used at the recipient’s own risk.

The recipient is advised to consider seeking professional guidance with respect to its use of this publication.

This publication is not intended to constitute a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.

Compliance with a Published Document cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2025.

FOREWORD

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees.
IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user.
In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies.
All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a) patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s), which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

IEC TS 62607‑6‑35 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 113: Nanotechnology for electrotechnical products and systems. It is a Technical Specification.

The text of this Technical Specification is based on the following documents:

Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table.

The language used for the development of this Technical Specification is English.

This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available at https://www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are described in greater detail at https://www.iec.ch/publications.

A list of all parts of the IEC TS 62607 series, published under the general title Nanomanufacturing – Key control characteristics, can be found on the IEC website.

The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the specific document. At this date, the document will be

reconfirmed,
withdrawn, or
revised.

INTRODUCTION

Graphene materials in powder form such as reduced graphene oxide and exfoliated graphite have high expectations for industrial applications including energy storage, composites, conductive ink, filtration membranes, etc. Graphenes available from commercial sources have a variety of shapes with various volumes per unit mass. The density of graphene materials affects both the surface area and the dispersion properties within a solvent matrix to fabricate their composites. Therefore, it is important that graphene manufacturers identify and provide information on the density of graphene materials to enable users to select a material suitable for their application.

Powder-type graphene sample has a very low density. Given its low mass per unit volume and its high fluffiness, it is difficult to directly apply the existing standard methods for evaluating the density of graphene samples, which have been used for the determination of powders containing heavy elements such as metals or ceramics. Therefore, it is essential to develop a new measurement method to evaluate the density of graphenes.

On the other hand, graphene has a very large volume per unit mass because of its low density, making its storage and distribution less efficient compared to other powder materials. This issue can be overcome by compressing graphene powder within a range that preserves its physical properties.

This document provides the method for evaluating the bulk densities of graphene, such as apparent density and tap density, and the compressed density of a sample compressed to a specific volume by applying a pressure. Furthermore, the evaluation method for the pressure required to reduce to a specific volume will be included. By measuring compressed density, it is possible to determine the pressure required to compress the graphene to a reducing volume for easy distribution and storage.

1 Scope

This part of IEC TS 62607 establishes standardized methods to determine the structural key control characteristics

apparent density (d_a),
tap density (d_t), and
compressed density (d_c)

for graphene in powder form by

free-pouring, tapping and compressing method.

2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions

3.1 General terms

3.2 Terms related to general material description

3.3 Terms related to measurements

4 Apparatus

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

5 Measurement

5.1 Sampling

5.2 Apparent density

5.3 Tap density

5.4 Compressed density

5.5 Calculation

6 Test report

Bibliography

PD IEC TS 62607-6-35:2025

Nanomanufacturing. Key control characteristics - Graphene-related products. Density: free-pouring, tapping and compressing method

Current

Published:

31 Aug 2025