This International Standard specifies the security requirements for a cryptographic module utilised within a security system protecting sensitive information in computer and telecommunication systems. This International Standard defines four security levels for cryptographic modules to provide for a wide spectrum of data sensitivity (e.g. low value administrative data, million dollar funds transfers, life protecting data, personal identity information, and sensitive information used by government) and a diversity of application environments (e.g. a guarded facility, an office, removable media, and a completely unprotected location). This International Standard specifies four security levels for each of 11 requirement areas with each security level increasing security over the preceding level.

This International Standard specifies security requirements specified intended to maintain the security provided by a cryptographic module and compliance to this International Standard is not sufficient to ensure that a particular module is secure or that the security provided by the module is sufficient and acceptable to the owner of the information that is being protected.