National foreword

This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC TR 24372:2021.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ART/1, Artificial Intelligence.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its committee manager.

Contractual and legal considerations

This publication has been prepared in good faith, however no representation, warranty, assurance or undertaking (express or implied) is or will be made, and no responsibility or liability is or will be accepted by BSI in relation to the adequacy, accuracy, completeness or reasonableness of this publication. All and any such responsibility and liability is expressly disclaimed to the full extent permitted by the law.

This publication is provided as is, and is to be used at the recipient’s own risk.

The recipient is advised to consider seeking professional guidance with respect to its use of this publication.

This publication is not intended to constitute a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

Compliance with a Published Document cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2021.

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents) or the IEC list of patent declarations received (see https://patents.iec.ch).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.

This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 42, Artificial intelligence.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and www.iec.ch/national-committees.

Introduction

Artificial intelligence (AI)-related products, systems and solutions have become more common in recent years thanks to rapid software and hardware improvements that boost computational performance, data storage capabilities and network bandwidth. The intent of this document is to look at computational methods and approaches within AI systems. Based on ISO/IEC 229891, ISO/IEC 230532 and ISO/IEC TR 24030, this document provides a description of the characteristics of an AI system and its computational approaches. The illustration of computational approaches in AI systems includes both machine learning and non-machine learning methods. To reflect state-of-the-art methods used in AI, this document is structured as follows:

Clause 5 provides an overall description of computational approaches in AI systems;
Clause 6 discusses the main characteristics of AI systems;
Clause 7 provides a general taxonomy of computational approaches, including knowledge-driven and data-driven approaches;
Clause 8 discusses selected algorithms used in AI systems, including basic theories and techniques, main characteristics and typical applications.

By giving an overview of different technologies used by AI systems, this document is intended to help users understand computational characteristics and approaches used in AI.

1 Scope

This document provides an overview of the state of the art of computational approaches for AI systems, by describing: a) main computational characteristics of AI systems; b) main algorithms and approaches used in AI systems, referencing use cases contained in ISO/IEC TR 24030.

2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions

4 Abbreviated terms

5 General

6 Main characteristics of AI systems

6.1 General

6.2 Typical characteristics of AI systems

6.3 Computational characteristics of AI systems

7 Types of AI computational approaches

7.1 General

7.2 Knowledge-driven approaches

7.3 Data-driven approaches

8 Selected algorithms and approaches used in AI systems

8.1 General

8.2 Knowledge engineering and representation

8.3 Logic and reasoning

8.4 Machine learning

8.5 Metaheuristics

Bibliography

PD ISO/IEC TR 24372:2021

Information technology. Artificial intelligence (AI). Overview of computational approaches for AI systems

Current

Published:

31 Oct 2022