National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 23704‑4:2026.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AMT/4, Industrial data and manufacturing interfaces.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its committee manager.

Contractual and legal considerations

This publication has been prepared in good faith, however no representation, warranty, assurance or undertaking (express or implied) is or will be made, and no responsibility or liability is or will be accepted by BSI in relation to the adequacy, accuracy, completeness or reasonableness of this publication. All and any such responsibility and liability is expressly disclaimed to the full extent permitted by the law.

This publication is provided as is, and is to be used at the recipient’s own risk.

The recipient is advised to consider seeking professional guidance with respect to its use of this publication.

This publication is not intended to constitute a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2026.

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration, Subcommittee SC 1, Industrial cyber and physical device control.

A list of all parts in the ISO 23704 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

Introduction

Since Industry 4.0 and smart factory were announced/proposed by the German government in 2011, worldwide attention has been focused on this topic. To cope with the megatrend, enabling technologies have been under development by the industry and R&D institutions.

From the market perspective there is a variety of so called ‘smart machine tools’ incorporating Internet of Things (IoT), information and communication technology (ICT), smart services. These tools are based on individual concepts and use local terminologies by machine tool builders (MTBs), as can be seen in the topic of machine tool control, e.g. computerized numerical control (CNC) vendors, solution vendors, and service providers, which is confusing for the stakeholders including end-users.

From the standards perspective, RAMI 4.0 (IEC PAS 63088) and IEC TR 63319 provide a reference model for Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing on a high level. ISO 23247 series defines a generic framework to support the creation of a digital twin of observable manufacturing elements. Furthermore, although some existing standards deal with Industry 4.0 enabling technologies, e.g. OPC-UA (IEC TR 62541‑1), MTConnect (ANSI/MTC1.4‑2018),^[31^]ISO/IEC 30141, the IEC 62769 series, and many machine tool standards from ISO/TC 39, no standard yet exists for smart machine tools for realizing smart manufacturing/Industry 4.0 in the shop floor via cyber-physical systems (CPSs). As far as smart machine tool is concerned, the ISO 23704 series has been under development by ISO/TC 184/SC 1/WG 11 since 2018.

The ISO 23704 series specifies general requirements on smart machine tools for supporting smart manufacturing in the shop floor via cyber-physical system control scheme, namely cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT).

Figure 1 shows the overall structure of the ISO 23704 series, including:

overview and fundamental principles of a CPSMT in ISO 23704‑1;
reference architecture of a CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing (SM) in ISO 23704‑2;
reference architecture of a CPSMT for additive manufacturing in ISO 23704‑3;
requirements and guidelines for implementing a CPSMT for SM in this document;
requirements and guidelines for implementing a CPSMT for additive manufacturing in ISO 23704‑5.

Other related parts, such as implementation architecture and guidelines or reference architectures for other types of manufacturing, will be added if and when necessary.

This document and ISO 23704‑2 are related in that they both deal with SM but are different aspects of CPSMTs. ISO 23704‑2 defines the functional architecture while this document defines the implementation architecture and guidelines for a CPSMT for SM given in ISO 23704‑2.

The objectives of this document are twofold. Firstly, to define requirements for implementations of cyber-physically controlled smart machine tools (CPSMT) for SM. Secondly, to provide guidelines for implementors of CPSMT for SM.

Expected impact of this document includes:

the promotion of clear and unambiguous communication between all interested parties of smart machine tools for implementation for Industry 4.0;
the promotion of the interoperability of smart machine tools with related hardware devices, software, service, and manufacturing systems for implementation for Industry 4.0;
the promotion of the quality/capability of smart machine tools for Industry 4.0;
the promotion of systematic development, modification of smart machine tools for implementation for Industry 4.0;
the promotion of use, e.g. by factory operators, of smart machine tools for Industry 4.0.

This document can be used as a reference and guidelines for stakeholders such as, but not limited to:

design engineers in the area of the smart SM systems;
system architects in the area of the smart SM systems;
software engineers at the SM machine builders in the area of the smart SM systems;
CNC vendors in the area of the smart SM systems;
solution and service providers in the area of the smart SM systems;
end users such as factory operators working with the smart SM systems.

1 Scope

This document specifies requirements and guidelines for implementing the reference architecture given in ISO 23704‑2.

Specifically, this document specifies the implementation architecture (IA) including:

cyber-physically controlled machine tools (CPCM) for subtractive manufacturing (SM);
cyber-supporting system for machine tools (CSSM) for SM.

Also, this document provides implementation guidelines (IGs) including:

information model of CPSMT for SM;
communication model of CPSMT for SM;
integration model of CPSMT for SM.

As information, the following are included in the annexes:

systems engineering (SE) including SE-vee model and stakeholder requirements for SM (see Annex A);
use case of IA and IG of CPSMT for SM (see Annex B);
an implementation use case for CPSMT (see Annex C).

2 Normative references

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

3.1 Terms and definitions

3.2 Abbreviated terms

4 Conformance with requirements and guidelines for implementation of a CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing

5 Goals and objectives of the implementation guidelines for subtractive manufacturing

5.1 Goals

5.2 Context of this document

6 Concept of implementation architecture (IA) and guidelines of CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing (SM)

6.1 General

6.2 Concept of implementation architecture (IA) of CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing (SM)

6.3 Concept of implementation guidelines (IG) of CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing (SM)

7 Implementation architecture (IA) of CPSMT viewed from CPCM

7.1 General

7.2 Implementation architecture (IA) for CPCM

8 Implementation architecture (IA) of CPSMT viewed from CSSM

8.1 General

8.2 Implementation architecture (IA) for CSSM

9 Implementation guidelines (IGs) for information model of CPSMT

9.1 General

9.2 Information model for CPSMT primary system

9.3 Information model for CNC interface

9.4 Information model for MTU state data model in DTU of CSSM

9.5 Information model for MTU context data model in DTU of CSSM

10 Implementation guideline (IG) of communication model for CPSMT

10.1 General

10.2 Communication model for CPSMT

11 Implementation guideline (IG) for Integration model for CPSMT

11.1 General

11.2 Reference integration model for CPSMT

11.3 Variations and determination of integration model

Bibliography