Foreword

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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 5, Ergonomics of the physical environment.

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Introduction

This document is one of a series of standards, specifying methods of measuring and evaluating moderate and extreme thermal environments to which people are exposed at working practices.

In this series of standards, there already exist several documents related to moderate thermal environments at working practices.

ISO 7726, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Instruments for measuring physical quantities;
ISO 7730, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria;
ISO 8996, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Determination of a metabolic rate;
ISO 9920, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Estimation of thermal insulation and water vapour resistance of a clothing ensemble;
ISO 13731, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Vocabulary and symbols
ISO/TS 13732-2, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces — Part 2: Human contact with surfaces at moderate temperature;
ISO 14505 (series), Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Evaluation of thermal environments in vehicles;
ISO 17772-1, Energy performance of buildings — Indoor environmental quality — Part 1: Indoor environmental input parameters for the design and assessment of energy performance of buildings;
ISO 17772-2, Energy performance of buildings — Overall energy performance assessment procedures — Part 2: Guideline for using indoor environmental input parameters for the design and assessment of energy performance of buildings.

These standards give methods for evaluation of the thermal environment. This document covers the evaluation of thermal sensation and comfort considering seasonal adaptive mechanisms to moderate thermal environments.

A human being’s thermal sensation is mainly related to the thermal balance of their body as a whole. This balance is influenced by physical activity and clothing, as well as the environmental parameters: air temperature, mean radiant temperature, air velocity and air humidity. At the same time, thermal sensation and comfort are additionally affected among others by seasonal differences in the human being’s state of thermal adaptation. The mechanisms leading to thermal adaptation are grouped into physiological, behavioural, and psychological. These effects are only partially considered in other methods for determining thermal sensation. Adaptive thermal comfort models consider all known adaptive mechanisms in the prediction of thermal sensation votes or comfort ranges. Therefore, in this document, first, an overview of existing approaches is presented. Second, three examples of adaptive thermal comfort models are featured in this document. For each example, the background and model formulation, steps towards model development and implementation and the application in national and international standards are described.

This document is intended to be used with reference to ISO 28803, when considering persons with special requirements, such as those with physical disabilities. Ethnic, national or geographical differences must also to be taken into account.

1 Scope

This document defines adaptive thermal comfort and its mechanisms, and describes current approaches to predict adaptive thermal comfort.

This document applies to human thermal comfort in indoor built environments and seasonal adaptive processes. It is applicable to healthy humans exposed to indoor environments where thermal comfort is desirable, but where moderate deviations from thermal comfort occur, in the design of new environments or the assessment of existing ones.

2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions

4 Approaches to adaptive thermal comfort models

5 Regression based adaptive comfort models

5.1 Background and model formulation

5.2 Model development

5.3 Values for model coefficients

5.4 Model application in national and international standards

6 Adaptive PMV (aPMV) model

6.1 General

6.2 Background and model formulation

6.3 Model development

6.4 Values for model coefficients

6.5 Model application in national and international standards

7 The adaptive thermal heat balance (ATHB) model

7.1 General

7.2 Background and model formulation

7.3 Model development

7.4 Values for model coefficients

7.5 Model application in national and international standards

Bibliography