National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN IEC 62840‑1:2025. It is identical to IEC 62840‑1:2025. It supersedes PD IEC/TS 62840‑1:2016, which is withdrawn.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/69, Electric vehicles.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its committee manager.

Contractual and legal considerations

This publication has been prepared in good faith, however no representation, warranty, assurance or undertaking (express or implied) is or will be made, and no responsibility or liability is or will be accepted by BSI in relation to the adequacy, accuracy, completeness or reasonableness of this publication. All and any such responsibility and liability is expressly disclaimed to the full extent permitted by the law.

This publication is provided as is, and is to be used at the recipient’s own risk.

The recipient is advised to consider seeking professional guidance with respect to its use of this publication.

This publication is not intended to constitute a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2025.

FOREWORD

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC Publication(s)"). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees.
IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user.
In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies.
All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a) patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s), which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

IEC 62840-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 69: Electrical power/energy transfer systems for electrically propelled road vehicles and industrial trucks. It is an International Standard.

This first edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC TS 62840‑1 published in 2016.

This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC TS 62840‑1:2016:

expanded scope to include handheld-swappable battery systems (HBS) and guidance on interoperability;
added definitions for "handheld-swappable battery system" (HBS) and expanded related terms such as "SBS/HBS coupler," "SBS/HBS charger," etc;
added classifications based on supply network characteristics, connection method, access and type of BSS;
added support for HBS, detailing the different compositions and workflows for type A (SBS) and type B (HBS) battery swap stations;
added requirements for functional interoperability, interface interoperability, data interoperability, operational interoperability, compatibility with legacy systems, and scalability;
added requirements for communication, protection against electric shock, specific requirements for accessories), cable assembly requirements, BSS constructional requirements, overload and short circuit protection, EMC, emergency switching or disconnect, marking and instructions;
expanded annex content, adding solutions for manual swapping stations for motorcycles with HBS and updating use cases.

The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:

Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table.

The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.

This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.

A list of all parts in the IEC 62840 series, published under the general title Electric vehicle battery swap system, can be found on the IEC website.

The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the specific document. At this date, the document will be

reconfirmed,
withdrawn, or
revised.

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of the battery swap system is to provide energy partly or in total to electric road vehicles (EV) through fast replacement of their swappable battery system (SBS) or handheld-swappable battery system (HBS). The battery swap system aims to provide energy to electric road vehicles by quickly replacing their swappable battery system or handheld-swappable battery system. This can help alleviate range anxiety and make longer distance travel more convenient.

As there is a possibility to charge the batteries after their removal from the vehicle in various ways, the impact of this process on the critical infrastructure of the electrical grid is minimized.

Battery swap stations mainly include one or more of the following functions:

swap of EV SBS or HBS;
storage of EV SBS or HBS;
charging and cooling of EV SBS or HBS;
testing, maintenance and safety management of EV SBS or HBS.

This document serves as generic requirements for battery swap systems for EVs, e-motor vehicles.

This document is published in separate parts according to the following structure:

IEC 62840‑1: General and guidance;
IEC 62840‑2: Safety requirements;
IEC TS 62840‑3: Specific requirements for battery swap system operating with handheld-swappable battery systems1.

This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 4 June 2025. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and United Kingdom.

European foreword

The text of document 69/1035/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 62840‑1, prepared by TC 69 "Electrical power/energy transfer systems for electrically propelled road vehicles and industrial trucks" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN IEC 62840‑1:2025.

The following dates are fixed:

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CENELEC by the European Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its Member States.

Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.

Endorsement notice

The text of the International Standard IEC 62840‑1:2025 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification.

In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standard indicated:

1 Scope

This part of IEC 62840 gives the general overview of battery swap systems, for the purposes of swapping batteries of electric road vehicles when the vehicle powertrain is turned off and when the battery swap system is connected to the supply network at standard supply voltages according to IEC 60038 with a rated voltage up to 1 000 V AC and up to 1 500 V DC.

This document is applicable to battery swap systems for EV equipped with one or more of the following:

swappable battery systems (SBS);
handheld-swappable battery systems (HBS).

This document provides guidance for interoperability.

This document applies to

battery swap systems supplied from on-site storage systems (for example buffer batteries etc),
manual, mechanically assisted and automatic systems,
battery swap systems intended to supply SBS/HBS having communication allowing to identify the battery system characteristics, and
battery swap systems intended to be installed at an altitude of up to 2 000 m.

This document is not applicable to

aspects related to maintenance and service of the battery swap station (BSS),
trolley buses, rail vehicles and vehicles designed primarily for use off-road,
maintenance and service of EVs,
safety requirements for mechanical equipment covered by the ISO 10218 series,
locking compartments systems providing AC socket-outlets for the use of manufacturer specific voltage converter units and manufacturer specific battery systems,
electrical devices and components, which are covered by their specific product standards,
any fix-installed equipment of EV, which is covered by ISO, and
EMC requirements for on-board equipment of EV while connected to the BSS.

2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions

4 Abbreviated terms

5 General requirements

6 Classification

6.1 Characteristics of supply network

6.2 Method of connection

6.3 Automation level

6.4 SBS/HBS swapping direction

6.5 Access

6.6 Mounting method

6.7 EV categories

6.8 Environmental conditions

6.9 BSS type

7 Composition and requirements of battery swap system

7.1 General

7.2 Battery swap station

7.3 SBS/HBS

7.4 Connection to the supply network

7.5 Supporting system (optional)

7.6 Zones

7.7 Interoperability requirements

8 Communication

8.1 Safety relevant communication

8.2 Optional communication

8.3 Communication circuit from the BSS to the telecommunication networks

9 Protection against electric shock

10 Specific requirements for accessories

11 Cable assembly requirements

12 BSS constructional requirements

13 Overload and short circuit protection

14 EMC

15 Emergency switching or disconnect (optional)

16 Marking and instructions

Bibliography

BS EN IEC 62840-1:2025

Electric vehicle battery swap system - General and guidance

Current

Published:

30 Jun 2025