1 Scope

This document specifies limit states and methods to prevent mechanical hazards in shafts and rotating or non-rotating axles of cranes by design and theoretical proof of competence.

This document is intended to be used together with the other generic parts of the EN 13001 series of standards (see Annex D).

This document covers specific shafts and rotating or non-rotating axles as an integrated part of cranes, that are not dealt with by other EN 13001 standards (e.g. pinned connections in EN 13001‑3‑1:2025). It is not intended to shafts or axles being part of standardized component (e.g. gearboxes, motors).

The significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse are identified in Annex E. Clauses 4 to 7 of this document provide requirements and methods to reduce or eliminate these risks:

• exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue);

• exceeding temperature limits of material or components.

This document does not deal with the proofs of strength of welded and cast shafts, and dynamic instabilities such as shaft whirling.

This document does not apply to cranes that are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN and serves as a reference base for the European Standards for particular crane types (see Annex D).

This document deals only with limit state method in accordance with EN 13001‑1:2015 [34].