1 Scope

This document provides an analysis of various case studies for the implementation of specific aspects of the circular economy in organizations, regardless of their status. This document specifically focuses on performance-based approaches such as functional economy, service economy, product-as-a-service (PaaS) and other performance-based approaches.

This document mainly describes a selection of use cases of operational implementation of such performance-based approaches as observed in different organizations. It stresses the challenging context faced by concerned organizations in changing their economic and business models. This document depicts cultural, organizational and industrial changes induced by the move of business models toward a performance-based approach. It emphasizes to what extent the total economic value can increase and how this is converted into revenue streams for the concerned organizations.

This document does not apply to the implementation of any circular economy domain of actions (circular design, recycling; responsible purchase policy, etc.), but focuses on the systemic level of development of economic models based on the commercialization of various performance aspects.