National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 27914:2017.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PSE/265, Carbon Capture Transportation and Storage.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2017.

Foreword

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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 265, Carbon dioxide capture, transportation, and geological storage.

Introduction

Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is recognized as a key technology for abatement of CO₂ emissions to the atmosphere or ocean and is an essential component in the process of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS)^[¹^]. The objective of this document is to provide recommendations for the safe and effective storage of CO₂ in subsurface geologic formations through all phases of a storage project life cycle (see Figure 1). While CCS is a nascent industry, this document is supported by a wide range of operational experiences in pilot to commercial scale carbon dioxide storage projects that have used methods and technologies mostly developed and widely deployed by the oil and gas industry including CO₂-enhanced oil recovery (EOR). This document applies to injection of CO₂ into geologic units for the sole purpose of storage and does not apply to CO₂ injection for hydrocarbon recovery, or storage of CO₂ that occurs in association with carbon dioxide enhanced hydrocarbon recovery. [ISO 29716 is in development to address carbon dioxide storage using enhanced oil recovery (CO₂-EOR)]. This document is supplemented by recommended practice manuals for CO₂ storage and numerous standards and technical recommendations developed for the oil and gas industry. [See Bibliography for selected references (References [1] to [12])].

1 Scope

This document

establishes requirements and recommendations for the geological storage of CO₂ streams, the purpose of which is to promote commercial, safe, long-term containment of carbon dioxide in a way that minimizes risk to the environment, natural resources, and human health,
is applicable for both onshore and offshore geological storage within permeable and porous geological strata including hydrocarbon reservoirs where a CO₂ stream is not being injected for the purpose of hydrocarbon production or for storage in association with CO₂-EOR,
includes activities associated with site screening and selection, characterization, design and development, operation of storage sites, and preparation for site closure,
recognizes that site selection and management are unique for each project and that intrinsic technical risk and uncertainty will be dealt with on a site-specific basis,
acknowledges that permitting and approval by regulatory authorities will be required throughout the project life cycle, including the closure period, although the permitting process is not included in this document,
provides requirements and recommendations for the development of management systems, community and other stakeholder engagement, risk assessment, risk management and risk communication,
does not apply to, modify, interpret, or supersede any national or international regulations, treaties, protocols or instruments otherwise applicable to the activities addressed in this document, and
does not apply to or modify any property rights or interests in the surface or the subsurface (including mineral rights), or any pre-existing commercial contract or arrangement relating to such property.

The life cycle of a CO₂geological storage project covers all aspects, periods, and stages of the project, from those that lead to the start of the project (including site screening, selection, characterization, assessment, engineering, permitting, and construction), through the start of injection and proceeding through subsequent operations until cessation of injection and culminating in the post-injection period, which includes a closure period. Figure 1 illustrates the limits of this document.

NOTE 1 This document does not address any post-closure period or specify post-closure period requirements.

This document does not apply to

the post-closure period,
injection of CO₂ for enhancing production of hydrocarbons or for storage associated with CO₂-EOR,
disposal of other acid gases except as considered part of the CO₂ stream,
disposal of waste and other matter added for purpose of disposal,
CO₂ injection and storage in coal, basalt, shale and salt caverns, or
underground storage using any form of buried container.

NOTE 2 This document may not be suitable for research projects, for example, those with a primary objective to test technologies or methods of monitoring.

NOTE 3 The closure period in this document does overlap with the post-closure phase of the EU regulatory definition. This document, however, is not concerned with transfer of liability.

2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions

4 Management systems

4.1 Scope of activities

4.2 Project boundaries

4.3 Management commitment to principles

4.4 Planning and decision-making

4.5 Resources

4.6 Communications

4.7 Documentation

5 Site screening, selection, and characterization

5.1 General

5.2 Site screening

5.3 Site selection

5.4 Site characterization and assessment

5.5 Modelling

6 Risk management

6.1 General

6.2 Objectives

6.3 Process

6.4 Context

6.5 Risk evaluation criteria

6.6 Risk management plan

6.7 Risk assessment

6.8 Risk treatment plan

6.9 Review and documentation

6.10 Risk communication and consultation

7 Well infrastructure

7.1 General

7.2 Materials

7.3 Design

7.4 Construction and completions

7.5 Corrosion control

7.6 Evaluation of wells

7.7 Recompletion and workover of wells

7.8 Abandonment of wells

8 CO₂ storage site injection operations

8.1 General

8.2 Design of CO₂ injection operations

8.3 Operations and maintenance plan

8.4 Injection operations

8.5 Data acquisition, monitoring and testing

8.6 Well intervention (workovers)

9 Monitoring and verification

9.1 Purpose

9.2 M&V program periods

9.3 M&V program objectives

9.4 M&V plan design

10 Site closure

10.1 General

10.2 Criteria for site closure

10.3 Closure plan

10.4 Closure qualification process

Bibliography

BS ISO 27914:2017

Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage. Geological storage

Published:

31 Oct 2017

Withdrawn:

30 Mar 2026