NOTE 1 The trans-isomer content as obtained with this method may not agree with the trans-isomer content as obtained using other methods.

NOTE 2 During (high temperature) refining (deacidification and deodorization), only geometrical isomers are formed of the mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids; i.e. the double bond(s) remain(s) at the same natural position. During hydrogenation, both positional and geometrical isomers are formed.

NOTE 3 For some specific cis- and trans-isomers formed during hydrogenation, co-elution is possible. This could influence the accuracy of the result. The level of these isomers is usually negligible in normal partially hydrogenated oils and fats.