National foreword

This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TS 21934‑2:2024.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AUE/7, Automobile occupant restraint systems.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its committee manager.

Contractual and legal considerations

This publication has been prepared in good faith, however no representation, warranty, assurance or undertaking (express or implied) is or will be made, and no responsibility or liability is or will be accepted by BSI in relation to the adequacy, accuracy, completeness or reasonableness of this publication. All and any such responsibility and liability is expressly disclaimed to the full extent permitted by the law.

This publication is provided as is, and is to be used at the recipient’s own risk.

The recipient is advised to consider seeking professional guidance with respect to its use of this publication.

This publication is not intended to constitute a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.

Compliance with a Published Document cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2024.

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of patents. ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of patents which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 36, Safety and impact testing.

A list of all parts in the ISO 21934 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html. .

Introduction

Active safety and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), collectively referred to in this document as active safety technologies, as well as automated driving technology have recently been introduced into the market. Their development raises questions about the extent to which these technologies prevent crashes and their ensuing injuries. These questions are of relevance to stakeholders such as vehicle manufacturers and suppliers, road authorities, research organisations and academia, politicians, insurance companies as well as consumer organisations.

The answers to these questions are derived from assessing the technology in terms of road traffic safety. There is a number of assessment methodologies in use (see ISO/TR 12353‑4). In general, the current methodologies are divided into two types: retrospective assessments and prospective assessments. Retrospective methods determine the technology’s safety effect after its market introduction based on accident data. A precondition for these methods is that sufficient accident cases with and without the technology have been recorded for a comparison in a certain vehicle subgroup or class. Prospective methods, on the other hand, predict the technology’s safety effect before its market introduction.

This document focuses on the prospective assessment of traffic safety for vehicle-integrated technologies acting in the pre-crash phase by means of virtual simulation.

The safety performance of a technology is determined by comparing data from the baseline and treatment simulations. The baseline for the assessment is the simulation without the vehicle-integrated technology while the treatment is the simulation with the technology.

The assessment method that is described in this document is limited to vehicle-integrated technology and does not consider technologies operating off-board. The virtual simulation method per se is not limited to a certain vehicle type. Furthermore, the assessment approach discussed in this document focuses on crash avoidance and the technology’s contribution to the mitigation of the consequences. Safety technologies that act in the in-crash phase or the post-crash phase are not explicitly addressed by the method, although the output from prospective assessments of crash avoidance technologies can be considered as an important input to determine the consequences of these technologies.

In general, the assessment of active safety technologies requires consideration of the interaction with surrounding traffic as well as the driver of the vehicle under test. Consequently, for a comprehensive assessment, the technology’s safety performance must be analysed in a multitude of scenarios to cover all relevant circumstances that affect the critical situation. The virtual simulation approach allows for running large numbers of cases and offers a promising combination of flexibility, reproducibility and experimental control in the assessment of safety performance. The need for virtual simulations in the prospective assessment of safety technologies is generally recognized. This will have a positive impact on the comparability of results by virtual assessment.

The state of the art with respect to prospective safety performance assessment is described in ISO/TR 21934‑1, which builds the foundation of this document.

1 Scope

This document specifies methods, guidelines and their application for prospective safety performance assessment of pre-crash technologies in road vehicles by virtual simulation. The purpose of the document is to provide prerequisites for the procedures to achieve comparable results among different safety performance assessments and tools.

2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms

4.1 Symbols

4.2 Abbreviations

5 Overview: A general description of the process for prospective safety performance assessment of pre-crash technology by virtual simulation

5.1 General approach and structure

5.2 Input data

6 Evaluation objective

6.1 Process for identification of the evaluation objective

6.2 Definition of a precise research question

6.3 Identification of relevant scenario categories

6.4 Metrics in prospective safety performance assessment by simulation

6.5 Selection of metric

7 Baseline

7.1 Baseline approaches

7.2 Example for minimum required information for establishing a baseline

8 Virtual simulation

8.1 Framework

8.2 Models

8.3 Example for minimum required information for treatment simulation

9 Assessment of safety performance

9.1 Calculation of safety performance

9.2 Example for minimum required information for safety performance assessment

10 Documentation

11 Validation and verification

Bibliography

PD ISO/TS 21934-2:2024

Road vehicles. Prospective safety performance assessment of pre-crash technology by virtual simulation - Guidelines and requirements for application

Current

Published:

31 Oct 2024