National foreword

This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TR 16219:2024. It supersedes PD ISO/TR 16219:2020, which is withdrawn.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/17, Fans.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its committee manager.

Contractual and legal considerations

This publication has been prepared in good faith, however no representation, warranty, assurance or undertaking (express or implied) is or will be made, and no responsibility or liability is or will be accepted by BSI in relation to the adequacy, accuracy, completeness or reasonableness of this publication. All and any such responsibility and liability is expressly disclaimed to the full extent permitted by the law.

This publication is provided as is, and is to be used at the recipient’s own risk.

The recipient is advised to consider seeking professional guidance with respect to its use of this publication.

This publication is not intended to constitute a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.

Compliance with a Published Document cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2024.

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 117, Fans.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 16219:2020), which has been technically revised.

The main changes are as follows:

Annex C has been added.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

Introduction

ISO 5801 provides the information for accurately measuring the performance of fans when tested under standardised laboratory conditions. The ducting where specified ensures a fully developed symmetrical velocity profile at the fan inlet. There can also be sufficient straight ducting at the fan outlet to ensure efficient conversion of the distorted velocity profile at the fan outlet to a measurable stable and homogeneous profile at the measuring station.

This document shows how fan performance is affected by both inlet and outlet connections to it. System designers must not only look at the ideal performance curve and calculated system pressure drop but also take into account the losses at the entry and exit points of the fan. These are described in the document.

The concept of the system effect factor (SEF) was introduced to the fan industry by AMCA in 1973. Since its inception it has become widely accepted worldwide. In more recent years, it has been realized that the SEF depends not only on the fan type and the fitting geometry but also on the fan design and manufacturing. Some less efficient fans can sometimes be less sensitive to system effect induced by poor inlet flow conditions than more efficient fans of the same type.

Furthermore, the origin of the system effect induced by a fitting at the fan inlet is different from the one due to the same fitting located on the fan outlet. That is why two different definitions of SEF are proposed in this document according to whether the appurtenance is at the fan inlet or fan discharge.

1 Scope

This document deals with the likely degradation of air performance of fans tested in standardized airways according to ISO 5801 when compared with the performance of fans tested under actual site conditions. It deals with the performance of a number of generic types of fan and fittings. The results given are intended as guidelines and only provide trends, as the system effect depends on the exact geometry of the fan and disturbing component.

The test data presented in this document are taken from an extensive experimental program conducted 20 years ago by NEL (National Engineering Laboratory, UK), mainly on axial and centrifugal fans. Data are also taken from several research projects financially supported by ASHRAE, some of them being carried out in the AMCA laboratory in Chicago, as well as from results published previously by individual fan manufacturers.

2 Normative references

3 Terms, definitions and symbols

4 Origin of fan system effects

5 Definitions of system effect factor (SEF)

5.1 Inlet SEF

5.2 Outlet system effect

6 Examples of inlet SEF

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Axial fans

6.3 Centrifugal and mixed-flow fans

7 Examples of outlet SEF

7.1 Axial fans

7.2 Centrifugal and mixed-flow fans

8 Reducing system effects

8.1 General

8.2 Inlet effects

8.3 Outlet effects

8.4 Examples of the effects of poor inlet and outlet connections

9 Conclusions

Bibliography

PD ISO/TR 16219:2024

Fans. System effects and system effect factors

Current

Published:

31 Aug 2024